According to the source, an EU risk watchdog warned that current stablecoin safeguards may be insufficient, elevating regulatory and liquidity risks for tokens used on European venues. Source: the source. Under MiCA, issuance and offering of asset-referenced tokens and e-money tokens in the EEA require authorization from 30 June 2024, with strict rules on reserve quality, 1:1 redemption at par, and liquidity stress testing, which can affect market-making costs and available pairs for USDT and USDC. Source: European Banking Authority 2024. The EBA issued technical standards and guidelines detailing reserve composition, liquidity risk management, stress testing, and recovery plans for stablecoin issuers, tightening operational requirements that can influence spreads and funding rates on compliant pairs. Source: European Banking Authority 2024. EU-facing exchanges have already restricted access to unauthorized stablecoins to comply with MiCA, signaling potential shifts in spot and derivatives liquidity toward euro and MiCA-compliant stablecoin pairs. Source: Binance 2024. The ECB has highlighted repeated de-pegs of major stablecoins during past stress events, underscoring redemption and liquidity risks that regulators aim to contain, which can translate into episodic dislocations in EEA trading books if safeguards are found lacking. Source: European Central Bank 2024.